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Thermodynamic Equilibrium


A system is said to be exist in  thermodynamic equilibrium when  no change in any macroscopic property is registered, if the system is isolated from its surroundings.

 An isolated system always reaches in course of time a state of thermodynamic equilibrium and can never depart from its spontaneously. Therefore, there can be no spontaneous change in any macroscopic property if the system exists in an equilibrium state.
A thermodynamic system will be in a state of thermodynamic equilibrium, if the system is the state of mechanical equilibrium, chemical equilibrium and thermal equilibrium. 

 1. Mechanical Equilibrium : The criteria for mechanical equilibrium is the equality of pressure or there is no unbalanced force in the system.

 2. Chemical Equilibrium :  There is no chemical reaction going in the system.

 3. Thermal Equilibrium :  The temperature of the whole system must be uniform.


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